Horumarka cilmi-baarista ee ku saabsan polyuretranes non-isrocyanate
Tan iyo hordhacdii 1937, polyurethane (PU) ayaa laga helay codsiyo balaaran dhammaan waaxyo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin gaadiid, dhisme, petorchemicals, injineeriyada farsamada, hawada, aerospace, daryeelka caafimaadka, iyo beeraha. Qalabkan waxaa loo adeegsadaa qaabab ay ka mid yihiin balaastikada xujooyinka, fiilooyinka, tamarta, walxaha biyuhu biyuhu ka hortageen, maqaarka maqaarka, caqabadaha, waxyaabaha dhajinaya, qalabka socodka iyo sahayda caafimaad. Pus-dhaqameedku wuxuu ugu horreyn karaa laba ama in ka badan oo Itocyan ah oo ay weheliso motnolols poliolol iyo xargaha silsiladda yar yar. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sunta dhaxalka ah ee ISOCYANYES ayaa khatar weyn u leh caafimaadka aadanaha iyo deegaanka; Waxaa intaa dheer sida caadiga ah waxaa laga soo qaatay phosgene-waa horraanta sunta ah ee sunta ah - iyo u dhigma amine amine agoog cayriin.
Iyada oo la raacayo warshadaha kiimikada ee casriga ah ee ku saabsan dabagalka dhaqamada cagaaran ee cagaaran, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay si isa soo taraysa u saameeya in la beddelo ilaha deegaanka ee jawiga ah inta ay ka baaraandegayaan wadooyinka cusub ee 'polythesis' Waraaqdani waxay soo bandhigaysaa wadiiqooyinka diyaarinta ee NIPU inta lagu gudajiro horumarka ku saabsan noocyo kala duwan oo Npus ah iyo ka wada hadalka mustaqbalkooda mustaqbal si ay u bixiyaan tixraac loogu talagalay cilmi-baaris dheeraad ah.
1 synthesis of polyuretranes non -corcyate
Isku-darka koowaad ee isku-darka miisaanka miisaanka ee yar-yar ee loo yaqaan 'monocyclate' oo lagu daro kaarboon monocyclic-ka oo ay weheliso dheeman-dheelliyihii aliphatic-ka ayaa ka dhacay 1950-yada lagu calaamadiyey daqiiqado muhiim ah oo ku saabsan polyanurethesis-ka aan caadiga ahayn. Waqtigan xaadirka ah waxaa jira laba habab oo aasaasi ah oo la soo saaro NIPU: Midka koowaad wuxuu ku lug leeyahay jawaab-celinta talaabo dheeri ah ee ka dhexeeya kaarboonada hilibka dheeraadka ah ee baaskiillada iyo binanimada; Midda labaad waxay qayb ka tahay falcelinta polycondeshinsensintation ee ku lug leh Dhexe Direthane Dhex-dhexaadinta Diurethane ee ay weheliso DIOLs-ka oo u fududeynaya isweydaarsiga qaabdhismeedka ku dhex jira ee ku dhex jira is-dhexgalka. Marin-dhexaadiyaha dhex-dhexaadinta waxaa lagu heli karaa iyada oo loo marayo midkoodna xarkaha kaarboon-ka baaskiilka baaskiil wadida ee baaskiilka ama kaadida (DMC) ee DMC); aasaasi ahaan dhammaan hababka oo dhan waxay ka falceliyaan iyada oo loo marayo kooxaha kaarboonka acid oo ay soo saarto qalabka carbamatate.
Qeybaha soosocda ayaa faahfaahin ka bixinaya sedex qaab oo kala duwan si loo isticmaalo polyurethane la'aan iyadoo aan la adeegsanin ISRYYANATE.
1.1BAHint Curcclic carbonboon
NIPU waxaa lagu qiyaasi karaa iyada oo loo marayo wax-dabad-dhaweyn ah oo ku lug leh kaarboon baaskiil leh oo ay weheliso binary couclpl with leh biry amine sida lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 1.
Sababo la xiriira kooxo badan oo hydroxyl ah oo soo socda oo ku soo celcelineysa qaab dhismeedka silsiladaha ugu weyn ee qaabkan guud ahaan waxay soo saartaa waxa loo yaqaan poly-hydroxyl polyanurethane (PHU). Letsch et al. Natiijooyinka ay muujiyeen in kooxaha hydroxyl ee ka dhex jira phus-ka PHUITITS PHUSTION PHOND PRAVORS oo leh atom / atamyo oksijiin ah oo ku yaal qaybo jilicsan / adag; Isbeddellada ka dhex jira qaybaha jilicsan ayaa sidoo kale saameyn ku leh habdhaqanka xirmada hydrogen iyo sidoo kale shahaadooyinka kala goynta makarafoonka ee ku xigta oo ku xigta si guud ee astaamaha waxqabadka.
Caadi ahaan waxaa ka hooseeya heerkulka ka badan 100 ° C wadadan wax soo saar ah ma aha inta lagu gudajiro hawlo kacsan oo kacsan oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee loo yaqaan 'DMSETylFide'. Illaa iyo shanta maalmood badiyaa waxay dhalisaa miisaanka hoose ee molikal-ka hooseysa ee ku dhawaad 30k g / mol waxay u sababeeysay wax soo saarka oo aan fiicnayn oo ay soo saareen labadaba kharashka ku habboon qaabeynta wax lagu qoro ee loo yaqaan 'Desps's iwm ..
1.2Omomocylic carbonboon
Kaararka Kaararka Monocylic-ka ayaa si toos ah ugu falceliya dheeman ka dhalata in diinta-kooxeedyada ku takhasusay ku-takoorka (polyconsation) oo kaashanaya dhigida dhisida ee '' '' '
Kala duwanaanshaha Monocylic-ka ee caadiga ah ee loo shaqeeyo waxaa ka mid ah Ethylene & Propylemence-ka kooxda ka dhisan ee Jingbo ee Jinsiyada ee Beijing ee ka-hortagga in ka hor inta uusan sii wadin doonin wejiyada 'polytetrahdrarandy' / polyther-da Cinwaannada samaynta ee soosaarka ah ee soo bandhigaya astaamaha wax soosaarka / makaanikada ee la soo bandhigayo meelaha ugu wanaagsan ee kor u qaadida fidsan oo fidsan oo qiyaastii14M ° C jeexitaa sicirka heerarka u dhow ee ku dhow14Mpa. Wang et al. Ka-takoor13k ~ 28K G / Mol Tersions Afsisyada isbadalka ayaa isbadalaya9 ~ 17 mpa go'doominta kala duwanaanta 35% ~ 235%.
Esters-ka Cyclocarbonton wuxuu si hufan ugu hawl galayaa iyada oo aan loo baahnayn xaaladaha caadiga ah xaaladaha caadiga ah ee dayactirka heerkulka illaa iyo inta lagu gudajiro nidaamyada loo yaqaan 'vitalin-ka' sida ugu fiican ee loo yaqaan '°' °. Ka baxsan dadaalada la-dadaalay ee la beegsanayo wax-ka-dhigista xumida ee is-beddelashada / deglycolysis-ka is-beddelka
1.3dimetyld carbonate theboon
DMC waxay u taagan tahay wax beddel ah oo dabiici ah / sun ah oo muujinaya modous badan oo methyl / methooxy / carbonyl-ku-soo-nooleynta 'Chexyl-ka' waxay si toos ah u eegaysaa internamate-ka ay raacaan ka dib isu-dheellitirka ficilada Xayeysiinta yar-yar--re-xayeysiis / is-hoosaadka badan ee 'polyol-polyol' oo hogaaminaya qaab dhismeedka polymer-ka-soo-baxa ka soo baxa ee la soo baxo ayaa lagu muujiyey si ku habboon loo maro Jaantus3.
Deepa et.lal oo lagu falay firfircoonaanta kor u kaca sodium Methoxide-ka-soo-nooleynta qaab-dhismeedka kala duwan ee loo yaqaan 'Messiction's' oo ku dhawaad (3 ~ 20) ^3g / mol ^3g ~ 120 ° C). DUGSIYADA DIIWAANKA EE DHC HongDethylol-Polylobohol-ka-polyalclors-polyalchols-ka Gaaritaanka Natiijooyinka Qoraalka ah ee muujinaya qawaaniinta taranka Tsile-ka ee Ossile-xoogga Ossilist10-15MPA Ratios Ratios ayaa u dhawaaday1000% --1400%. Qiyaasta baaritaanka ee ku xeeran saameyn ku yeelashada silsiladaha siinta silsiladaha-lagu muujiyey doorbidida si isdaba joog ah oo isku-dhafan Sahaminta Sahaminta Qashinyada qashinka ayaa inta badan xaddidan oo keliya methanol / molecule-modiols efts-ka oo aasaasaya isku-dhafka cagaaran
2 qaybo ka mid ah qaybo jilicsan oo jilicsan oo polyurethane noncocyaniethane ah
2.1 Polytherthertyethane
Polytherthertherthertherthane (PEU) ayaa si weyn loo istcimaalaa sababta oo ah tamarkeeda hoose ee xidhitaanka ee dammaanadda ether ee qeybta jilicsan Qaybaha, wareegga heerkulka fudud, dabacsanaanta heerkulka hooseeya iyo iska caabbinta hydrolyysis.
Kebir et al. Polytherther polyurethane oo leh dmc, polyethylen glycol iyo baeniediol oo ah ashyaa'da ceyriinka ah, laakiin miisaanka molital wuxuu ahaa mid hooseeya (38 ~), iyo injiilayaasyaashu way adkaatay inay ka soo baxaan baahiyaha isticmaalka. Kooxda Cilmi-baarista Zhao Jingbo ee loo adeegsaday Carbonate, 1, 6-hexanaediamine iyo polyethene glycol si ay u saleecaan PEU, oo leh culeys molile ah oo ah 31 ~ 24mpa, iyo isku-darka burburka 0.9% ~ 1% 1 388%. Miisaanka molikal ee taxanaha isku-darka ah ee ku saabsan polyuretranes udgoonku waa 17 300 ~ 21 ~ 21 ~ ~ 21 ℃, qaybta dhalaalaysa, iyo sicirka dhabarka, iyo si joogto ah codadka joogtada ah waa 69% ~ 89%.
Kooxda cilmi-baarista ee kooxda Zheng Liuchun iyo Li Chipuncherent ayaa diyaariyay dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha 1, 6-hexampherent (BHC) oo ay la socdaan Carbonate iyo 1, 6-hexametyliamine iyo 1-hexametyliamiamine, iyo polytetrentianation oo kala duwan oo ah 'polytetrahddrofraranetraran' (MN = 2 000). Isbeddel taxane ah oo polythertherthertherlanutheranes (Nupeu) oo wado aan isdaba-joog ah ayaa loo diyaariyey, iyo dhibaatada iskudhafka ah ee isdhaafsiga inta lagu gudajiray falcelinta ayaa la xaliyay. Qaab-dhismeedka iyo dhismayaasha polyurethethane (hdipu) oo ay diyaarisay Nupeu iyo 1, 6-hexametylne Diisocyate ayaa la barbardhigay, sida lagu muujiyey shaxda 1.
| Sanbal | Qaybta adag ee jajabka /% | Miisaanka Moleculal / (g·mol ^ (- 1)) | Tusmada Qaybinta Miisaaniyadda Molecalar | Xoog TSenlisle / MPA | CONGONGIGE MARKA LACAGTA /% |
| Napeu30 | 30 | 74000 | 1.9 | 12.5 | 1250 |
| Nupe40 | 40 | 66000 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 550 |
| Hdipu30 | 30 | 46000 | 1.9 | 31.3 | 1440 |
| Hdipu40 | 40 | 54000 | 2.0 | 25.8 | 1360 |
Shaxda 1
Natiijooyinka shaxda 1 waxay muujinayaan in kala duwanaanshaha qaabdhismeedka ee u dhexeeya Nupeu iyo Hdipu inta badan ay sabab u tahay qeybta adag. Kooxda Urea ee ay ka dhashaan jawaab celinta ee Nupeu waxaa si aan kala sooc lahayn loogu dadaalaa qeybta adag ee silsiladda ku dhaca ee udhaxeysa silsiladaha hydrogen-ka ee u dhexeeya qeybaha 'hydrogen', taasoo dhalisay kala-sooca hoose ee qeybta adag, oo ah kala-sooca kala-sooca ee Nupeu. Natiijo ahaan, guryaha farsamada ayaa aad uga xun HDIPU.
2.2 polyester polyurethane
Polyester Polyurethane (Petsu) oo leh 'petru' 'oo leh' petru '' oo ah qaybo jilicsan ayaa leh noocyo wanaagsan, oo ah astaamo farsamo, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa diyaarinta muuqaalka injineeriyada unugyada, taas oo ah sheyga biomedical ee leh rajo weyn oo codsi ah oo leh codsiyo weyn leh. Polysterester DIALESS si caadi ah loo isticmaalo qaybaha jilicsan waa polybutlulenes qalalaasaha Dolgllycol Adate DIO DIOL iyo Polycaprolactocone Dolt.
Goor hore, Rokucki et al. Waxaa ka falceliyay kaarboon dhalenimo leh dheeman iyo Duug (1, 6-hexaniol, 10-n-dodecanol) si loo helo kala duwanaanshaha NIPU, laakiin isku-darka Nipu waxay yeelatay miisaanka miraha hoose iyo TG hoose. Farhadian et al. Kaararka 'polycyclic' oo loo diyaariyey saliidda gunbeedka gabbaldayaha sida shey ceyriin ah, ka dibna lagu qasay polyamines ku saleysan dabiiciga, oo lagu bogsiiyo 90 ℃ h si loo helo filim heerkul ah oo polyrethane ah, oo muujisay xasilloonida kuleylka wadnaha. Kooxda cilmibaadhista ee Zhang Luuqaun oo ka tirsan jaamacadda Shiinaha ee tikniyoolajiyadda ayaa la mid ah dheeman dheellitiran iyo kaarboor baaskiil. Kooxda cilmi-baarista ee zhu Jin ee ka tirsan machadka machadka ee ashtakooyinka ee qalabka cilmi baarista, akademiga Shiinaha ee ah ee loo diyaariyey qeybta adag ee Dianodiodiodiodiodiol Acid, iyo polykconsine acid 'oo ku saleysan polyerethane, oo loo isticmaali karo rinjiga ka dib markii ultraviolet "23]. Kooxda cilmibaadhista ee Zhorng Liuchun iyo Li Chipencheng waxay u adeegsadeen Asipic acid iyo afar aliphatic DIO DUNADIOL, HExadiol, octanadiol, oo ah derbi-ta dabiil oo kala duwan oo loo yaqaan 'pontaster' oo u dhigma qaybo u eg qaybo jilicsan. Koox ka mid ah polyerether polyrethane (Petsu), oo lagu magacaabay tirada atomka kaarboonka ee aliphatic DIO DIO DIO DULDENS, ayaa lagu soo qaatay qeybta polymy-seitens-ka ee loo yaqaan 'hydroxy-' oo ay diyaarisay BHC iyo DIOLs. Sifooyinka farsamada ee Petu waxaa lagu muujiyey Shaxda 2.
| Sanbal | Xoog TSenlisle / MPA | Modulus laastikada/ MPA | CONGONGIGE MARKA LACAGTA /% |
| Petsu4 | 6.9±1.0 | 36±8 | 673±35 |
| Petsu6 | 10.1±1.0 | 55±4 | 568±32 |
| Petsu8 | 9.0±0.8 | 47±4 | 551±25 |
| Petsu10 | 8.8±0.1 | 52±5 | 137±23 |
Jadwalka 2
Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in qaybta jilicsan ee Petsu4 ay leedahay cufnaanta ugu sarreysa ee carbonyl, debaajiga ugu adag ee leh qaybta hydrogen-ka ee leh qaybta adag, iyo heerka ugu hooseeya ee kala-goynta wajiga. Qulqulka qaylada jilicsan ee jilicsan iyo kuwa adag labadaba waa xadidan yihiin, oo muujinaya dhibic dhalaalaysa iyo xoogga jilicsan, laakiin mudada ugu sarreeya ee nasashada.
2.3 Polycarbonate Polyurethane
Polycarbonate Polyrethonate Polyanurethane (PCU), gaar ahaan aliphatic PCU, waxay leedahay iska caabbinta hydrolysis, iska caabbinta muuqaalka, xasilloonida bayoolajiga ah, xasilloonida bayoolajiga ah iyo rajada laga helo, oo uu leeyahay rajo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan duurka biomedicine. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inta badan Nipu loo diyaariyey Polysterds Polyols sida qaybo jilicsan, waxaana jira warbixino dhowr ah oo cilmi-baaris ah oo ku saabsan polycarbonae Polyaurethane.
Polycarbonate polyurethate polyurethane oo ay diyaarisay kooxda cilmi-baarista ee Tian Henyshhui ee koonfurta Shiinaha Jaamacadda tikniyoolajiyaddu waxay leedahay culeys molilal ah in kabadan 50 000 g / mol. Saamaynta xaaladaha falcelinta ee culeyska molokalka ee polyce-ka ayaa la bartay, laakiin dhismaheeda farsamada lama soo sheegin. Kooxda cilmibaadhista ZHHENk Liuchun iyo Li Chi Che Che Che Che Che Chestent ayaa loo diyaariyey PCU iyagoo adeegsanaya DMC, hexanaederiomie, hexadiol iyo polycarbonate DIyas, waxaana loo magacaabay PCU iyadoo loo eegayo jajabka ballaaran ee qeybta soo noqnoqda ee qaybta adag ee qeybta dheecaanka. Guryaha farsamada ayaa lagu muujiyey jadwalka 3.
| Sanbal | Xoog TSenlisle / MPA | Modulus laastikada/ MPA | CONGONGIGE MARKA LACAGTA /% |
| PCU18 | 17±1 | 36±8 | 665±24 |
| PCU33 | 19±1 | 107±9 | 656±33 |
| PCU46 | 21±1 | 150±16 | 407±23 |
| PCU57 | 22±2 | 210±17 | 262±27 |
| PCU67 | 27±2 | 400±13 | 63±5 |
| PCU82 | 29±1 | 518±34 | 26±5 |
Shaxda 3
Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in PCU ay leedahay culeys molika oo sarreeya, illaa 6 × 104 ~ 9 × 104g / mol, oo uu dhalaalayo illaa 137 ℃, iyo xoog-maroodi ilaa 29 MPA. PCU noocan ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa inay tahay caag adag ama elastomer, oo leh rajo wanaagsan oo ku yaal duurka biomedical (sida injineeriyada unugyada bini-aadamka ama qalabka maqaar-gallada wadnaha).
2.4 Hybrid non-ISOCYANATE POLYURETANE
Hybrid non-ISRYYANATE POLYURETANE (Hybrid Nipu) waa soo-bandhigidda epryy resin, acrylate, silica ama kooxo simoxune ah oo loo sameeyo shabakadda polyurethethether-ka, ama siiya howlihii kala duwan ee polyurethane.
Feng yueulan et al. Waxaa ka falceliyay saliida saliida ee 'Beli2' Silsiladda molicalar waxay ka kooban tahay qayb dabacsan oo dabacsan oo ah silsilad dheer oo ah aashitada ociec acid / yoleic acid. Waxay kaloo ka kooban tahay qaybo silsilado adag, sidaa darteed waxay leedahay awood farsamo oo sare iyo adkaan weyn. Baarayaasha qaarkood ayaa sidoo kale isku mid ah seddex nooc oo ka mid ah nipu propottymers-ka oo ay weheliyaan kooxo furitaan ah sicirka si ay u diyaariyaan polyurethane jilicsan oo ay ku guuleystaan howsha is-bogsashada, waxayna si guul leh u xaqiijiyeen hufnaanta is-bogsashada ee jilicsan ee jilicsan ee NIPU. Hybrid Nipu kaliya ma leh astaamaha guud ee guud ahaan nipu, laakiin sidoo kale waxay lahaan kartaa adhesion ka fiican, aashito iyo iska caabbinta xarkaha ee aashitada, caabbinta qarka u caabbinta, caabbinta dareeraha iyo xoogga farsamada.
3 Muuqaal
NPU waxaa loo diyaariyey iyadoon loo isticmaalin sunta ah ee loo isticmaalo sunta ah, waxaana hadda lagu bartaa qaab xumbo, dahaad, dhajis, elastomer iyo alaabo kale, oo uu leeyahay rajo badan oo codsi ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, badankood waxay wali ku kooban yihiin cilmi-baaris shaybaadh ah, oo ma jiro wax soo saar ballaaran. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, oo leh hormarinta heerarka nolosha ee dadka iyo koritaanka joogtada ah ee baahida, NIPU oo leh hal gacan oo keliya ama howlo badan oo loo yaqaan 'bakteeriyada', xusuusta qaaxada, dib-u-haynta, ololka kuleylka iyo wixii kululaynta kulul iyo wixii la mid ah. Sidaa darteed, cilmi baarista mustaqbalka waa inay ku faafisaa sida loo jebiyo dhibaatooyinka muhiimka ah ee dhibaatooyinka warshadeynta oo ay sii wado sahaminta jihada diyaarinta NIPU ee shaqeysa.
Waqtiga Post: Aug-29-2024